Capital to Small Letter & Lower Case Converter

To convert capital letters to small letters online: (1) Paste or type your uppercase text into the Proper Case Converter editor above. (2) Click the "lower case" button or press the Alt + L keyboard shortcut. (3) Your text instantly transforms from capital letters (A-Z) into small letters (a-z) in 0 milliseconds. (4) Click "Copy" or press Ctrl + C to copy the result. In programming, you can also convert strings using JavaScript (text.toLowerCase()), Python (text.lower()), PHP (strtolower($text)), or Excel (=LOWER(A1)).

The primary difference is the scope of capitalization: Capital to Small (Lowercase) converts every single character into small letters without exception (e.g., "THE SUN RISES." becomes "the sun rises."), which is ideal for URLs, email addresses, and search keywords. In contrast, Sentence Case capitalizes only the first letter of each sentence and the pronoun "I" while turning the rest into small letters (e.g., "the sun rises. it is bright." becomes "The sun rises. It is bright."), which is standard for articles, essays, and emails.

You can change all caps to lowercase across different platforms using these methods: (1) Microsoft Word: Select text and press Shift + F3 to toggle case, or go to Home > Change Case (Aa) > lowercase. (2) Google Docs: Highlight text and navigate to Format > Text > Capitalization > lowercase. (3) Microsoft Excel / Google Sheets: Use the formula =LOWER(A1) in an adjacent column. (4) iPhone & Android: Select text, tap the Shift (up arrow) key on your virtual keyboard, or open ProperCaseConverter.com in your mobile browser for 1-click conversion.

The terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" originate from 15th-century European printing press shops. Typesetters arranged physical metal type pieces in two compartmentalized wooden drawers called "type cases": the less frequently used capital letters (majuscules) were kept in the higher "upper case" drawer, while the frequently used small letters (minuscules) were kept in the lower, convenient "lower case" drawer for fast manual assembly.

An example of lower case is the standard small letters used in everyday sentences, such as "hello world", "apple", or "proper case converter". In typography, lower case letters include "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", etc., featuring ascenders (like the top of "d" and "h") and descenders (like the tail of "p" and "y"), in contrast to capitalized UPPER CASE letters like "HELLO WORLD".

Both "lower case" (two words) and "lowercase" (one compound word) are grammatically correct and widely accepted. Modern style guides and dictionaries (including Merriam-Webster and Oxford) generally prefer the single compound word "lowercase" when used as an adjective or verb (e.g., "lowercase letters", "lowercase this paragraph"), while "lower case" is commonly used as a noun phrase in traditional typography and printing.

In practice, upper or lower case does not matter in email addresses. Standard email protocols (RFC 5321) specify that domain names (e.g., @gmail.com or @company.com) are completely case-insensitive. While the technical standard theoretically allows mail servers to treat the username portion before the "@" as case-sensitive, virtually all modern email providers (including Google Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, Apple iCloud, and Yahoo) treat the entire email address as strictly case-insensitive. Typing "John.Doe@Example.com" or "john.doe@example.com" delivers to the exact same inbox.

To change upper case to lower case: (1) Paste or type your capitalized text into the Proper Case Converter text box above. (2) Click the "lower case" button or press the Alt + L keyboard shortcut. (3) Your text will instantly transform from ALL CAPS to clean lowercase letters in 0 milliseconds. (4) Click "Copy" to copy the result to your clipboard or download it as a text file.

To make lower case text upper case: (1) Enter your lowercase text into our free online case converter. (2) Click the "UPPER CASE" button or press Alt + U. (3) Every lowercase character will instantly convert into a capitalized letter (A-Z). You can also convert to "Capitalized Case" or "Title Case" if you only want the first letter of each word capitalized.

To change lower case to upper case across different tools: (1) Online: Paste your text into our tool and click "UPPER CASE". (2) In Google Docs: Select text and click Format > Text > Capitalization > UPPERCASE. (3) In Microsoft Word: Highlight text and press Shift + F3. (4) In CSS: Use the style rule "text-transform: uppercase;". (5) In JavaScript: Use the method "str.toUpperCase()".